1990年《澳门皇冠赌场平台》(ADA)
根据美国残疾人协会, an individual with a 残疾 is defined as a person who: (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more life activities; (2) has a record of such impairment; or (3) is regarded as having such impairment. 主要的生活活动包括但不限于走路, 看到, 听力, 说话, 呼吸, 学习, 工作, 照顾好自己, 执行手工任务.
The ADA prohibits discrimination solely on the basis of 残疾 in employment, 公共服务, 和住宿. The person in consideration must be otherwise qualified for the job, program, or service.
ADA详细说明了管理需求, 申诉程序, and the consequences for non-compliance related to both 服务 and employment. 《澳门皇冠赌场平台》要求提供合理的, effective accommodations for eligible students across educational activities and settings.
1973年康复法案第504条
Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of 残疾 in 项目, 公营及私营, 接受联邦财政援助. Section 504 includes institutions regardless of whether they have open door, 有选择性的, 或者竞争性招生实践.
People with disabilities have the same legal remedies that are available under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 1991年修订. 因此, individuals who are discriminated against may file a complaint with the relevant federal 年龄ncy or sue in federal court. Enforcement 年龄ncies encour年龄 informal mediation and voluntary compliance.
这些法律如何适用于高等教育
1990年《澳门皇冠赌场平台》(ADA) 以及1973年康复法案第504条 were designed to ensure that colleges and universities are free from discrimination in their recruitment, 入学, 以及学生的待遇.
在这两项法律的应用中, students with disabilities must be qualified to participate in University activities. A qualified student with a 残疾 is one who meets the 入学 and essential eligibility requirements of a program or service, 有或没有:
- 修改:规则、政策或程序的修改;
- removal of architectural, communication, or transportation barriers;
- 提供辅助设备和服务.
Individuals who pose a direct threat to their own health or safety or the health or safety of others will not be considered qualified.
The law requires higher education institutions to ensure that all 项目, 服务, or facilities are accessible to or usable by persons with disabilities. 法律不要求:
- 在替代方案有效的情况下，使每个设施无障碍;
- 改变:节目或服务的根本改变;
- 不当的财政或行政负担.
The University is under no obligation to change academic requirements which the University, 项目, or majors can demonstrate are essential to the program of instruction or to any direct licensing requirement.
大学不需要提供个人服务员, 单独规定的设备, 读者个人使用或学习, 或其他个人性质的设备或服务, 例如家教或打字(美国民权办公室), 7月, 2002).
The institution must provide auxiliary aids to ensure the participation of students in college classes and activities and must accommodate the academic participation of qualified students with disabilities. 机构不得:
- 限制接纳残疾学生的人数;
- make pre-入学 inquiries as to whether or not an applicant has a 残疾;
- use 入学 tests or criteria that inadequately measure the academic level of visually impaired, 听力受损, or otherwise disabled applicants because special provisions were not made for them;
- exclude students with disabilities from any course of study solely on the basis of their 残疾;
- counsel students with disabilities towards a more restrictive career than non-disabled students, unless such counsel is based on strict licensing or certification requirements in a profession;
- measure student achievement using modes that adversely discriminate against students with disabilities;
- institute prohibitive rules (such as the barring of tape recorders or other auxiliary aids) that may adversely affect the performance of students with disabilities;
- select a site or a facility that would exclude participation of persons with disabilities.
The law does not require special treatment of students with disabilities, but does require that students be given the opportunity for equal 参与 the University’s 项目. This is done by providing to eligible and qualified students appropriate academic adjustments and auxiliary aids necessary to facilitate the students’ fullest possible 参与 the University’s academic 项目.
